The field of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) mega-constellation networks is experiencing significant growth, driven by the need for efficient and reliable global connectivity. Recent research has focused on addressing the challenges posed by the highly dynamic network topology, including frequent service disruptions and packet-based load balancing. To mitigate these issues, innovative solutions such as digital twins systems, port aggregation data structures, and novel network control structures have been proposed. These advancements have shown promising results, including reduced memory usage, improved measurement accuracy, and enhanced network performance. Noteworthy papers in this area include:

• CountingStars, which proposes a low-overhead network-wide measurement architecture that reduces memory usage by 70% and relative error of measurement by 90%.
• The Small-World Beneath LEO Satellite Coverage, which investigates the structural properties and network dynamics of a representative six-shell mega-constellation and identifies critical findings, such as the importance of gateway stations in enhancing inter-shell connectivity.
• Unlocking the Performance Potential of Mega-Constellation Networks, which introduces a novel network structure design paradigm that decouples local motifs design and global lattices design, resulting in significant improvements in capacity, throughput, and round-trip time.