The field of cybersecurity is rapidly evolving, with a growing focus on developing advanced machine learning and deep learning techniques to detect and classify emerging threats. Recent research has highlighted the effectiveness of techniques such as tree boosting, anomaly detection, and contrastive fine-tuning in improving the accuracy and robustness of threat detection systems. Notably, the application of online incremental machine learning algorithms and the development of surrogate anomaly detection methods have shown promise in detecting sophisticated ransomware strategies and identifying nuanced semantic distinctions between malware variants. Noteworthy papers include: Optimized Approaches to Malware Detection, which achieved a 99.92% training accuracy using a deep neural network model. Semantic-Aware Contrastive Fine-Tuning achieved a 63.15% classification accuracy with as few as 20 samples, outperforming baselines by 11-21 percentage points.